Spring Boot Technical Interview Questions and Answers

Spring Boot Technical Interview Questions and Answers Work through these 12 questions out loud. Open any question for the full model answer, the trap to avoid, and the follow-up a panel usually asks.

  1. What changed migrating Spring Boot 2 to Spring Boot 3 (Jakarta EE)?

    Upgrade to Java 17+, replace imports javax.persistence → jakarta.persistence, update Spring Security config to SecurityFilterChain lambda DSL, run OpenRewrite migration recipe,...

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  2. How does spring.config.import work for externalized configuration?

    In K8s: spring.config.import=optional:configtree:/etc/secrets/,optional:configtree:/etc/config/ mounts volumes as properties. Vault:...

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  3. How do Spring Boot Actuator health probes work with Kubernetes?

    Enable probes, configure K8s readinessProbe on /actuator/health/readiness, liveness on /actuator/health/liveness. Custom HealthIndicator for critical deps on readiness group...

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  4. What are GraalVM native image considerations for Spring Boot?

    Use spring-boot-maven-plugin native profile + GraalVM 21. Run integration tests on native binary. Register reflection for Jackson/custom serializers. Trade longer CI builds for...

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  5. How does Spring Boot auto-configuration work?

    @SpringBootApplication enables @EnableAutoConfiguration, which loads candidate configs from starters. Each auto-config uses @ConditionalOn* to register beans only when...

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  6. @RestController vs @Controller?

    @Controller is for traditional MVC — return "user/list" view name. @RestController adds @ResponseBody so return types become JSON/XML body — standard for REST APIs. Use...

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  7. What are Spring Boot starters?

    spring-boot-starter-web brings spring-webmvc, Tomcat, Jackson with tested versions and enables WebMvcAutoConfiguration. You declare one starter instead of 10 coordinates....

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  8. How do you handle exceptions globally in Spring?

    Create @RestControllerAdvice with @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class) returning 400 + field map, NotFoundException → 404, generic Exception → 500 without...

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  9. How do you test Spring Boot applications?

    Unit test services with Mockito — no Spring. @WebMvcTest + MockMvc for controller contract. @DataJpaTest for repository queries. @SpringBootTest + Testcontainers for critical...

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  10. How do you version REST APIs?

    We use /api/v1/users for clarity. Non-breaking: add optional JSON fields. Breaking: launch v2 path, maintain v1 for 6 months with Deprecation header. Spring maps...

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  11. What are virtual threads in Java 21 and when should you use them?

    Virtual threads excel when code blocks on IO — HTTP clients, JDBC, file reads — allowing one platform thread to serve thousands of concurrent requests. For CPU-heavy parallel...

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  12. What is the Java Platform Module System (JPMS) and who needs it?

    Use modules when building custom JDK images or publishing strict API boundaries. Typical microservice: no module-info — Spring Boot repackages classpath. Watch for illegal...

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